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HIV: MEDICAL TREATMENTS-THE RANGE OF AVAILABLE THERAPIES

July 24, 2011

In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, medical treatments could do little except relieve unpleasant symptoms. As researchers understood more about HIV—how it infects, how it multiplies—they began to find drugs that slow the infection, and even to understand how to custom-build drugs to attack HIV. The result of their understanding was and continues to be a rapid succession of new drugs to treat HIV itself.     We now know that certain drugs will delay the development of AIDS. We also know that certain vaccines and antibiotics will delay or even prevent the opportunistic infections that define AIDS. These drugs and vaccines are part of traditional medicine.     The medical care of people with HIV infection can be divided into traditional medicine and alternative medicine. Traditional medicine is traditional to us in the West—in the United States and the Western world—and is based on specific scientific standards. Alternative medicine has diverse forms: some borrow heavily from” Eastern (Chinese, Japanese, or Indian) philosophy; some use methods based on the mind-body interaction; and some are based on nonapproved drugs or diets or other treatments that, measured by the standard yardstick of the science of medicine, have no established merit.     Nearly all people with HIV infection receive traditional medical care. As many as a third of the people with HIV infection receive some form of alternative treatment as well. Both traditional and alternative medicine make the same claims: the treatments kill HIV or prevent HIV from reproducing, or strengthen the immune system, or relieve symptoms. People with HIV infection hearing these conflicting claims are understandably confused.     The first section discusses the drugs of traditional medicine and their side effects, and—another source of concern for people with HIV infection—how to pay for them. The next section discusses how drugs are tested to find out whether they are useful and how best to use them. The last section is on alternatives to traditional medicine—treatments that have not been and are not likely to be tested—and whether they are likely to help or be harmful.*175\191\2*

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